Civilization 6 Xbox One Hotseat
| Bandung | |
|---|---|
| City | |
| Urban center of Bandung Kota Bandung | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Sundanese | ᮊᮧᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ |
| From meridian: Grand Mosque of Bandung, De Vries building | |
| Flag Coat of arms | |
| Nicknames: Kota Kembang (Urban center of Flowers) | |
| Motto(s): Gemah Ripah Wibawa Mukti | |
 | |
| Bandung Location in Java and Indonesia Testify map of Java Bandung Bandung (Indonesia) Show map of Indonesia | |
| Coordinates: 6°54′43″Due south 107°36′35″E / half-dozen.9120°S 107.6097°Due east / -6.9120; 107.6097 Coordinates: vi°54′43″S 107°36′35″E / six.9120°S 107.6097°Eastward / -6.9120; 107.6097 | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Province |  Due west Java |
| Founded | 25 September 1810[one] |
| Incorporated (as gemeente) | i April 1906[1] |
| Administrative sectionalization | thirty districts 153 urban villages |
| Authorities | |
| • Trunk | Bandung City Government |
| • Mayor | Yana Mulyana |
| Surface area | |
| • Total | 167.31 km2 (64.threescore sq mi) |
| • Urban | 487 kmii (188 sq mi) |
| • Metro | ane,876.8 kmii (724.6 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 768 m (2,520 ft) |
| Population (2020 Census[ii]) | |
| • Total | ii,444,160 (4th) |
| • Density | 14,609/km2 (37,840/sq mi) |
| • Urban [three] | 7,065,000 (2d) |
| • Urban density | 14,507/km2 (37,570/sq mi) |
| • Metro [4] | 8,357,393 (2d) |
| • Metro density | iv,453/km2 (11,530/sq mi) |
| Demonyms | Bandungite Orang/Warga Bandung (id) Urang/Wargi Bandung (su) |
| Demographics | |
| •Ethnic groups | Sundanese (native) Javanese Batak Minahasa Minangkabau Chinese Arab Korean Indian |
| Time zone | UTC+07:00 (Western Republic of indonesia Fourth dimension/Due west.I.B) |
| Postcodes | 401xx, 402xx, 406xx |
| Area code | (+62) 22 |
| Registration plate | D |
| Nominal Gross domestic product[5] | 2019 |
| - Full | Rp 289.3 trillion (3rd) $ 20.iv billion $ 67.3 billion (PPP) |
| - Per capita | Rp 115,382 thousand (11th) $ eight,160 $ 26,820 (PPP) |
| - Growth |  6.0% |
| HDI (2019) | 0.816 (12th) Very High |
| Largest district by expanse | Gedebage – ix.58 square kilometres (iii.70 sq mi) |
| Largest district by population | Babakan Ciparay (147,388 – 2015 est) |
| Website | bandung.go.id |
Bandung (; Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈbandʊŋ]) is the upper-case letter metropolis of the Indonesian province of W Java.[6] It has a population of 2,444,160 within its city limits, making information technology the fourth most populous city in Republic of indonesia. Greater Bandung is the country'southward third-largest metropolitan expanse, with over eight million inhabitants.[7] [four] Located 768 metres (ii,520 feet) to a higher place sea level, the highest indicate in the Northward expanse with an altitude of 1,050 meters and the lowest in the S is 675 meters higher up sea level, approximately 140 kilometres (87 miles) southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler yr-round temperatures than most other Indonesian cities. The metropolis lies on a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains that provides a natural defense system, which was the chief reason for the Dutch East Indies authorities's plan to move the capital from Batavia (modern-twenty-four hours Jakarta) to Bandung.
The Dutch start established tea plantations effectually the mountains in the 18th century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation expanse to the colonial capital letter Batavia (180 kilometres (112 miles) to the northwest). In the early 20th century, the Dutch inhabitants of Bandung demanded the establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafés, and European boutiques were opened, leading the urban center to be nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java").
After Indonesia declared independence in 1945, the city experienced ongoing development and urbanization, transforming from an idyllic town into a dumbo xvi,500 people/km2 (per square kilometre) metropolitan area with living space for over 8 million people. New skyscrapers, high-rise buildings, bridges, and gardens have been synthetic. Natural resource have been heavily exploited, particularly by conversion of the protected upland surface area into highland villas and existent estate. Although the city has encountered many bug (ranging from waste disposal and floods to a complicated traffic organisation resulting from a lack of road infrastructure), it nonetheless attracts large numbers of tourists, weekend sightseers, and migrants from other parts of Indonesia. In 2017 the city won a regional environmental sustainability honour for having the cleanest air amidst major cities in ASEAN.[8] The city is also known equally a Smart Metropolis, leveraging technology to amend government services and social media that alert residents to issues such as floods or traffic jams. Bandung is Indonesia's major technology centre.[9] [10] The city is function of the UNESCO Artistic Cities Network, which information technology joined in 2015.[11]
The first Asian-African Conference, the Bandung Conference, was hosted in Bandung by President Sukarno in 1955. Redevelopment of the existing Husein Sastranegara International Airport (BDO) was completed in 2016. To improve infrastructure, the structure of the Dki jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail was started in 2016 and was projected to be completed in 2021. This was to exist complemented by an indigenous type of Automatic People Mover (APM) and Calorie-free Rail Transit (LRT).[12] [13] The new larger second drome, Bandung Kertajati International Aerodrome (KJT), opened in June 2018, but in time for the 2018 Asian Games.
History [edit]
Gedung Merdeka (Independence Building) during the Asian-African Conference in 1955
The official name of the metropolis during the colonial Dutch East Indies menstruum was Bandoeng. The primeval reference to the surface area dates dorsum to 1488, although archaeological findings suggest a type of Human being erectus species had long previously lived on the banks of the Cikapundung River and effectually the old lake of Bandung.[14] During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch Due east Indies Company (VOC) established plantations in the Bandung area. In 1786, a supply road connecting Batavia (now Dki jakarta), Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang and Cirebon was synthetic. In 1809, Napoleon Bonaparte, French Emperor and conqueror of much of Europe, including the Netherlands and its colonies, ordered the Dutch Indies Governor H.W. Daendels to improve the defensive systems of Java to protect confronting the British in India. Daendels built a road stretching approximately ane,000 km (620 mi) from the due west to the east coast of Java, passing through Bandung.[15] [16] In 1810, the road was laid downwards in Bandung and was named De Groote Postweg (or the 'Smashing Post Road'), the present-day location of Jalan Asia-Afrika. Under Daendels' orders, R. A. Wiranatakusumah II, the Chief Administrator of the Bandung regency at that time, moved the office from Krapyak, in the due south, to a place about a pair of holy city wells (sumur Bandung), the present-day site of the metropolis foursquare (alun-alun). He built his dalem (palace), masjid agung (the grand mosque) and pendopo (public-official meeting place) in the classical Sundanese orientation,[17] with the pendopo facing Tangkuban Perahu mountain, which was believed to accept a mystical ambient. In 1856, Bandung also became the capital letter of the Preanger Regencies Residency, which information technology would remain until 1925.
Coat of Arms of Bandung during Dutch Colonial era, adopted in 1925
In 1880, the outset major railroad between Batavia and Bandung was completed,[eighteen] boosting the light industry in Bandung. Chinese flocked into the city to assist run facilities, services and vendors. The area adjacent to the train station is still recognisable as the old Chinatown district. In 1906, Bandung was given the status of gemeente (municipality), and so twenty years later, stadsgemeente (city municipality).
Beginning of time the early 1920s, the Dutch E Indies regime made plans to motion their capital from Batavia to Bandung. Appropriately, during this decade, the Dutch colonial regime commenced construction of armed services barracks, the building housing the colonial Department of State-Owned Enterprises (Department van Gouvernmentsbedrijven, the present-day Gedung Sate) and other government buildings. Still, this plan was cut short by World War Two, later on which the Dutch were not able to re-establish their colony due to the Indonesian Proclamation of Independence.
The fertile area of the Parahyangan Mountains surrounding Bandung supports productive tea plantations. In the nineteenth century, Franz Junghuhn introduced the cinchona (kina) plant.[19] With its cooler elevated landscape, surrounded by major plantations, Bandung became an exclusive European resort surface area.[20] Wealthy plantation owners visited the city on weekends, attracting ladies and business people from the upper-case letter, Batavia. Jalan Braga grew into a promenade street with cafés, restaurants and boutique shops. Two art-deco mode hotels, Savoy Homann and Preanger, were built in the vicinity of the Concordia Society, a clubhouse for the wealthy with a big ballroom and a theatre.[18]
Subsequently Indonesian independence in 1945, Bandung was designated as the capital of West Java province. During the Indonesian National Revolution, some of the virtually massive battles occurred in and around Bandung. Dutch troops were nearly absent in Java at the end of World State of war 2. To aid the restoration of Dutch sovereignty, the British took a war machine concur on Java'due south major cities, and the British military machine commander set up an ultimatum for the Indonesian combatants in Bandung to go out the city. In response, on 24 March 1946, much of the southern part of Bandung was deliberately gear up alight as the combatants left; an upshot known as Bandung Lautan Api or the 'Bandung Sea of Fire'.[21]
In 1955, the first Asian-African Briefing, too known every bit the Bandung Conference, was hosted in Bandung by President Sukarno and attended past the heads of states representing xx-nine independent countries from Asia and Africa.[22] The conference venue was at the Gedung Merdeka, the former Concordia Society building. The conference announced ten points of declaration for the promotion of globe peace and opposition against colonialism and is known as the Annunciation of Bandung. This was followed by a wave of nationalism and decolonisation movements around the globe which remapped world politics.[23] The conference was too the first international conference of people of colour in history.[24] In his volume The Color Curtain, Richard Wright claims that there was an ballsy meaning to the conference for people of colour around the globe.[24]
In 1987, the city boundary was expanded by the 'Greater Bandung' (Bandung Raya) program, with the relocation of higher concentration development zones outside the city in an endeavor to dilute population density in the old metropolis. During this development, the city core was often uprooted, with old buildings torn downwardly, lot sizes regrouped and rezoned, changing idyllic residential areas to commercial zones with bustling chain supermarkets, malls, banks and upscale developments.[20]
In 2005, an Asian-African Briefing was partly held in Bandung, attended by world leaders including Indonesian President Susilo B. Yudhoyono, President of China Hu Jintao, Prime number Minister of Republic of india Manmohan Singh, President of Southward Africa Thabo Mbeki and President of Nigeria Obasanjo.[25]
Geography [edit]
Bandung Basin viewed from Gunung Batu in the north, Mountain Malabar can exist seen in the distance.
Bandung, the capital of Due west Java province, is located nigh 180 kilometres (110 mi) southeast of Jakarta. Its tiptop is 768 metres (two,520 ft) to a higher place sea level and is surrounded past up to 2,400 metres (seven,900 feet) high Late Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic terrain.[26] The 400 kmii flat of central Bandung apparently is situated in the heart of two,340.88 foursquare kilometres (903.82 sq mi) wide of the Bandung Basin; the basin comprises Bandung, the Cimahi city, part of Bandung Regency, part of West Bandung Regency, and part of Sumedang Regency.[27] The basin'south main river is the Citarum; one of its branches, the Cikapundung, divides Bandung from northward to south before it merges with Citarum once more in Dayeuhkolot. The Bandung Basin is an essential source of water for potable h2o, irrigation, and fisheries, with its 6,147 million k3 (217.i billion cu ft) of groundwater being a meaning reservoir for the city.[27] The northern section of Bandung is hillier than other parts of the urban center, and the unique truncated flat-meridian shape of the Tangkuban Perahu volcano (Tangkuban Perahu literally means 'upside-downwardly gunkhole') can be seen from the city to the north. Long-term volcanic action has created fertile andisol soil in the north, suitable for intensive rice, fruit, tea, tobacco, and coffee plantations. In the south and east, alluvial soils deposited by the Cikapundung river predominate.
Tea plantations in Ciwidey
Geological data shows that the Bandung Basin is located on an aboriginal volcano, known as Mount Sunda, erected upward to iii,000–4,000 metres (nine,800–thirteen,100 feet) during the Pleistocene age.[28] Two large-scale eruptions took identify; the starting time formed the basin, and the second (est. 55,000 BCE) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin into a lake known every bit "the Great Prehistoric Lake of Bandung".[29] The lake drained away; for reasons which are the subject of ongoing fence amidst geologists.[30] [31]
Climate [edit]
Bandung experiences tropical monsoon climate (Am) according to Köppen climate classification every bit the driest month atmospheric precipitation total is below 60 millimetres (two.iv in), bordering with subtropical highland climate (Cfb). The wettest month is February, with a atmospheric precipitation total of 255.0 millimetres (x.04 in), while the driest month is September, with a precipitation total of fifty.0 millimetres (1.97 in). The average temperature throughout the year tends to be cooler than most cities in Indonesia due to the altitude influence. The average temperature throughout the twelvemonth only has lilliputian variation due to its location near the equator.
| Climate data for Husein Sastranegara International Airport, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia (temperature: 1972-1994, atmospheric precipitation: 1957-1994) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.two (90.0) | 31.i (88.0) | 32.2 (90.0) | 30.6 (87.1) | 31.i (88.0) | 30.6 (87.i) | thirty.half-dozen (87.1) | 31.i (88.0) | 32.8 (91.0) | 34.4 (93.9) | 33.9 (93.0) | 31.one (88.0) | 34.4 (93.9) |
| Boilerplate high °C (°F) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.7 (80.i) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.9 (84.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.two (81.0) | 27.8 (82.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.three (73.9) | 23.i (73.6) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.6 (74.5) | 23.3 (73.nine) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.5 (72.five) | 22.eight (73.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.6 (74.5) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.two (73.8) |
| Average depression °C (°F) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | nineteen.4 (66.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.9 (66.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 17.ii (63.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.nine (66.0) | 19.four (66.9) | 18.6 (65.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) | 15.half dozen (lx.one) | xv.0 (59.0) | thirteen.9 (57.0) | thirteen.ix (57.0) | 11.seven (53.ane) | eleven.1 (52.0) | 11.7 (53.i) | 11.7 (53.1) | 13.9 (57.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | fifteen.0 (59.0) | 11.1 (52.0) |
| Average atmospheric precipitation mm (inches) | 240.0 (9.45) | 255.0 (10.04) | 239.0 (9.41) | 143.0 (5.63) | 116.1 (4.57) | 102.1 (4.02) | 69.1 (2.72) | 56.9 (2.24) | l.0 (1.97) | 151.1 (5.95) | 200.9 (seven.91) | 215.1 (8.47) | 1,838.3 (72.38) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[32] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Bandung, Republic of indonesia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | April | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Twelvemonth |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 155 | 168 | 186 | 210 | 217 | 240 | 248 | 248 | 210 | 217 | 180 | 186 | 2,465 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 5.0 | 6.0 | vi.0 | 7.0 | seven.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | seven.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.8 |
| Mean daily daylight hours | 12.5 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 12.0 | eleven.8 | eleven.7 | 11.viii | eleven.nine | 12.i | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 40 | 49 | 50 | 58 | 59 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 58 | 57 | 48 | 48 | 56 |
| Boilerplate ultraviolet alphabetize | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | eleven | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Source: Conditions Atlas [33] | |||||||||||||
Environmental issues [edit]
The north of the metropolis serves equally a water reservoir for Bandung. However, the area has seen substantial residential development. Several attempts to protect this expanse have been fabricated, including creating reserves such as the Juanda National Park and Puncrut, but development continues. Regular flooding in Bandung'south south besides presents a real and dangerous ongoing problem.[34]
From mid-2005, Bandung faced another environmental disaster when the urban center'due south landfill site was reevaluated later a garbage slide 2005 which cached a village, Kampung Gajah, beneath it, killing over a hundred people.[35] The aggregating of eight,000 10003/d (3,300 cu ft/ks) of domestic garbage causes severe air pollution by local burning, the spread of disease, and water contamination. The provincial regime has failed in its attempts to solve the garbage issue.[36] [37] Nevertheless, it was awarded in 1997 and 2015 as the least polluted city in the state.[38] [39] Further, a regional laurels in 2017 was besides given from ASEAN for the cleanest air amongst other major cities in ASEAN countries.[twoscore]
Administrative divisions [edit]
Villages (kelurahan) of Bandung, with all villages in the same district (kecamatan) having the aforementioned colour
City Subregions of Bandung
| Arcamanik Bojonagara Cibeunying | Gedébagé Karéés Kordon | Tegalega Ujungberung |
The city area in 1906 was 19.22 square kilometres (vii.42 square miles), and past 1987, it had expanded to 167.2965 km2.[41] The metropolis administration is divided into 30 districts (kecamatan) and 153 villages (kelurahan). For development purposes, the 30 districts are grouped into eight sub-city regions.[42] The sub-metropolis regions of Bandung are Arcamanik, Cibeunying, Kerees, Kordon, Gedebage, Ujungberung, Bojonagara and Tegalega. The mayor (walikota) - Oded Muhammad Danial 2018 - leads the metropolis administration. Since 2008, city residents have directly voted for a mayor; previously, mayors were nominated and selected past the city council - the Regional People's Representative Quango (DPRD), which has 50 members. As of 2003, the total number of city administration personnel was 20,163.[41] [43]
Bandung Metropolis is divided into 30 districts[44] (kecamatan), listed below with their populations at the 2010 Demography:[45]
|
|
Economic system [edit]
The city'due south economy is mainly congenital upon tourism, business, creative industry, loftier-tech and manufacturing industries, educational institutions, technology, retail services, fiscal services, pharmaceutical companies, and food production.[25] The once quiet residential district of Dago has become an important business organization and amusement center with chic cafés and restaurants spread out along Jalan Dago. In the early 1990s, Jalan Cihampelas became a popular wearable store location and remains so today.
Artistic civilisation has shaped specific parts of the metropolis'southward economic system. Minor businesses, known as "distro", sell non-trademarked products made by local designers. Typical distro products are books, indie label records, magazines, style products, and other accessories. Distros are popular with young people and altitude themselves from manufacturing plant outlets in terms of philosophy. They arise from individual designers and young entrepreneurs, while factory outlet products more often than not come from large-scale garment factories.[46]
The city administration has agreed to substantially develop 7 industrial and merchandise areas for Bandung speciality products.[47] These include Binong Jati Knitting Industrial and Trade Center, Cigondewah Textile Trade Centre, Cihampelas Jeans Merchandise Center, Suci (T and Ellipsoidal) Shirt Industrial Center, Cibaduyut Shoes Industrial Centre, Cibuntu Tofu and Tempeh Industrial Center, Sukamulya Sukajadi Doll Industrial Middle.
Demographics [edit]
In 2005, the population of Bandung was 2.2 million people with a density of 13,693/kmtwo (35,465/sq mi).[48] The May 2010 demography enumerated two.39 one thousand thousand people.[49] Based on information from Statistics Indonesia, the population of Bandung in May 2020 was 2.44 one thousand thousand,[50] making Bandung the fourth almost populous city in Republic of indonesia.
| Year | 2005 | 2010 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 2,290,464 | ii,394,873 | 2,444,160 |
| Population density (per km2) | thirteen,660 | 14,283 | xiv,609 |
The majority of Bandung'due south population is of Sundanese descent. Javanese are the most significant minority and mostly come from the central and the eastern parts of Java. Other minorities include Minang, Minahasan, Chinese, Batak, Malay, Korean, Indian, and Japanese. Bandung also possesses significant international communities compared with other Indonesian cities.
Civilisation [edit]
Bandung is a significant cultural hub in Republic of indonesia. Most people in the surrounding province of West Java are ethnically Sundanese, with Sundanese ofttimes spoken equally a showtime language, and the standard and informal language for communication in streets, school, piece of work, and markets. As in the residuum of the country, standard Indonesian serves every bit the lingua franca and main linguistic communication of government, business, media, and formal pedagogy.
Architecture [edit]
Bandung is home to numerous examples of Dutch colonial architecture, about notably the tropical Art Deco, dubbed New Indies Style. Henri Maclaine Pont was amidst the first Dutch architects to recognise the importance of combining each architectural style with local cultural traditions. He stressed that modern compages should interact with local history and native elements.[51] In 1920, Pont planned and designed buildings for the showtime technical academy in the Dutch East Indies, Technische Hogeschool te Bandung (the nowadays-day Bandung Institute of Applied science). He was named a Professor of Compages at the university. A striking local Sundanese roof fashion is seen adorning the top of the campus' formalism hall and is embedded in his artwork.[51]
In the same twelvemonth, another Dutch architect J Gerber designed Gouverments Bedrijven (Government Companies) in line with the colonial government'south plan to motion the capital from Batavia to Bandung. The edifice is known as Gedung Sate, named after the distinguished small-scale satay-shaped structure on the roof, and is today used every bit the caput office of the W Java provincial government and Business firm of Representatives. The edifice is an example of a harmonious mixture betwixt W and East architectural styles, particularly the Italian Renaissance style of arch structures in the wings and pendopo-like structures ordinarily establish in Java in the center section.
Several Dutch architects who shaped the metropolis landmarks the architectural blending of mod and native traditions. In the 1930s, Bandung became known equally an architectural laboratory due to the many Dutch architects who experimented with new architectural designs. Albert Aalbers added the streamline moderne style to the Fine art Deco by designing the DENIS banking concern (1936) and renovating the Savoy Homann Hotel (1939). Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker was one of the architects who enormously added native elements in his artworks, including the Villa Isola (1932), Hotel Preanger (1929), the regional military headquarters (1918), Gedung Merdeka (1921) and ITB Rectorate Building (1925).[51]
Though Bandung is known for its many old Dutch architecture buildings, the city is recently going through a loftier-rise edifice boom. There are more than 100 high rise buildings in the city, and many more are under structure or planned.[52] The following list includes buildings in Bandung that are completed or topped off and above 300 ft (91 m).
| Proper name | Floors | Summit k | Year | Annotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soetta Heaven Park | 40 | 162 | 2021 | The tallest building project, topping off 2020[53] |
| Galeri Cimbuleuit 2 | 36 | 141 | 2014 | At present the tallest building in Bandung[53] |
| Parahyangan Residences A | 35 | 150 | 2016 | [54] |
| Newton The Hybrid Park Apartment A | 32 | 121 | 2016 | [55] |
| Tamansari Panoramic Flat | 30 | 115 | 2014 | [56] |
| Ibis Hotel Bandung | 24 | 111 | 2011 | |
| Newton The Hybrid Park Apartment B | xxx | 110 | 2016 | |
| Harris Hotel Ciumbuleuit | 28 | 110 | 2014 | |
| Crowne Plaza Hotel | 21 | 109 | 2014 | |
| Apartemen Galeri Ciumbuleuit Iii | 30 | 106 | 2016 | |
| The Trans Luxury Hotel | 20 | 102 | 2012 | |
| Newton Hybrid Park 3 | 26 | 102 | 2017 | |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment I | 25 | 100 | 2013 | [57] |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Flat Two | 25 | 101 | 2013 | |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment Iii | 25 | 101 | 2013 | |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment Iv | 25 | 101 | 2013 | |
| M Asia Afrika Residence A | 24 | 100 | 2016 | [58] |
| Yard Asia Afrika Residence B | 24 | 100 | 2016 | |
| Gateway Flat A | 23 | 91 | 2013 | |
| Gateway Apartment B | 23 | 91 | 2012 | |
| Sudirman Suites Apartment | 22 | |||
| Apartemen Galeri Ciumbuleuit | 22 | 2005 |
Panoramic view of central Bandung
Tourism [edit]
Bandung is a popular weekend destination for residents of Jakarta. The colder climate of the highland plantation surface area, variety of food, less expensive fashion shops located in factory outlets and distros, golf game courses, and the zoo, are some of the attractions of the urban center.[59] Bandung is as well a popular shopping destination due to the cheap material and fashion products, especially for Malaysian and Singaporean tourists.[60]
In the 1990s, local designers opened denim habiliment stores along Jalan Cihampelas, which was transformed into a "jeans street". The urban center attracts people from other large cities to buy local fashion wares, equally they are cheaper than branded items.[61] Beside Jalan Cihampelas, many mill outlets besides opened at Jalan Riau, Jalan Setiabudi, and Jalan Djuanda (known as Dago). Cloth factories on the outskirts of Bandung have opened factory outlets on site selling what is marketed equally sisa export (rejected or over-produced consign quality items).[62] Trans Studio Mall, Bandung Indah Plaza, Cihampelas Walk, Paris Van Java Mall and 23 Paskal Shopping Center are among the popular shopping centres in Bandung.
Significant tourist sites near Bandung include the Tangkuban Prahu volcano crater to the north, the Kawah Putih volcano lake, and Patenggang Lake, a lake surrounded by tea plantations near 50 kilometres (31 miles) to the south of the urban center.
To view the Bandung Basin clearly in its mountain surroundings, visitors travel to the Bongkor protected forest area (kawasan hutan lindung), Saung Daweung and Arcamanik; to the slopes of Westward Manglayang Mountain in an expanse known as Caringin Tilu, with entry from Padasuka and Cicaheum to the north. The forest is located in 1,500 metres (four,900 feet) to a higher place body of water level and is covered with pino trees managed by a regime corporation Perhutani and tin be accessed with 30 minutes drive from downtown.[63] [64] Visitors going to the due north of the city as well find Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda. The Cicaheum surface area also hosts Bukit Moko, a tourist spot famous for its views and its steel statue of a behemothic star chosen Puncak Bintang. Bandung has several museums that should be visited by tourists, such every bit the Geological Museum of Bandung, the Indonesia Postal Museum, Sri Baduga Museum, and the Asian-African Briefing Museum.[ citation needed ] The city government operates Bandros, a tourist coach, since 2014.[65]
Floating marketplace where local foods, snacks and items like clothing are carried by sellers on boats.
Sports [edit]
Bandung is the home of Persib Bandung, a professional football club currently competing in the highest tier of Indonesian football game, the Liga 1. Bandung is also home of Prawira Bandung (ex Garuda Bandung), a professional basketball club currently competes in the Indonesian Basketball League, with its home games in the GOR Citra Arena. The roads leading upward to Lembang and Dago are pop routes for mountain cycling on weekends, every bit Jalan Ir. H. Djuanda is zoned as car-free on Lord's day mornings.[66]
Other popular sports in Bandung include badminton and golf, with several golf courses surrounding the city.
Media [edit]
Bandung has several local daily newspapers, including Pikiran Rakyat, Galamedia, and Tribun Jabar. Several local television stations operate in Bandung, including TVRI Jawa Barat (a public regional station serving West Java, which headquartered in the metropolis), Bandung TV, MQTV and PJTV. Many radio stations, such as Ardan FM, KLCBS, MQFM and OZ Radio, also broadcast from Bandung.
The city of Bandung was featured in the 9th and 10th leg of the American reality series The Amazing Race 23.
Transport [edit]
Road [edit]
Bandung can be accessed by highways from Jakarta. An intercity toll highway called Cipularang Toll Road, connecting Jakarta, Karawang, Purwakarta, Padalarang and Bandung, was completed in May 2005 and is the fastest way to reach Bandung from the capital by route. Driving time is near 1.five hours on average. There are 3 other options: the Puncak route (Jakarta-Cianjur/Sukabumi-Bandung), Purwakarta route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Purwakarta-Cikalong Wetan-Padalarang-Cimahi-Bandung) and the Subang road (Djakarta-Cikampek-Subang-Lembang-Bandung). From cities further east (Cirebon, Tasikmalaya and Central Java province), Bandung can be accessed through the main provincial road. Indonesian National Route 3 links Bandung with the residual of Java towards Cilegon and Ketapang (Banyuwangi).
The Pasupati Span was built to relieve traffic congestion in the metropolis for east–west transport. The ii.eight-kilometre (i.seven mi) cablevision-stayed bridge lies through the Cikapundung Valley. Information technology is 30 to 60 metres (98 to 197 anxiety) wide and, after extensive delays, it was finally completed in June 2005, following financial investment from Kuwait.[67] The span is office of Bandung's comprehensive inner-city highways plan.
Bandung has two intercity bus terminals: Leuwipanjang, serving buses from the west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the e. Both are at full capacity and are to exist replaced by a new terminal at Gedebage on 15 hectares (37 acres) land, after which the old terminals will office every bit inner-city terminals. The new concluding will be located next to the Gedebage railway station near Gedebage container dry out port.[68]
Local public and mass transportation [edit]
Trans Metro Pasundan corridor 3 charabanc stopping well-nigh the Urban center Hall
Taxis and Online transport are widely bachelor. The primary means of public transportation is by angkot minibuses (from angkutan, "transportation" and kota, "city"); angkot are privately operated and serve multiple routes throughout the city, and although cheap, they are considered bones and uncomfortable.[69] To find verbal angkot routes, passengers may await for data bachelor through the drivers or at terminals.
Due to the current extent of railway lines in Bandung, only 2 named regional railway services, Lokal Bandung Raya and Lokal Garut Cibatuan, are serving the metropolis, serving a single line. It catered for the suburban areas east and west of the city such equally Cimahi, Padalarang, Rancaekek, Cicalengka, also every bit some other neighbouring towns such equally Garut and Purwakarta. KAI Commuter took over the operations of both services from its mother company KAI in 2022, anticipating planned electrification of the route by Ministry of Transport.[70]
Public buses in Bandung and its surrounding urban surface area are operated past various operators, with a total 16 autobus lines currently operating. DAMRI buses used to dominate every bit the main bus operator serving the urban center and its surrounding metropolitan surface area, first operating in the 1970s, with at some signal operating more 10 routes. Even so, information technology collapsed in October 2021, leaving 5 routes still operating.[71] [72] Following the example of TransJakarta, the city government introduced its own BRT arrangement called Trans Metro Bandung on 24 September 2009. By 2022 it served 5 trunk corridors and 1 feeder routes.[73] Both DAMRI and Trans Metro Bandung buses uses higher deck buses similar to TransJakarta, simply could be stopped anywhere along its route and do not run separately from traffic. Provincial government of West Java besides operates a double-decker road called every bit Prophylactic and Healthy Charabanc Rapid Transit (shortened Buratas), serving but a unmarried line.[74] As role of nationwide motorbus services modernisation program chosen as Teman Bus, a more disciplined system branded as Trans Metro Pasundan was introduced past central authorities's Ministry of Transportation in December 2021. Two operators, Big Bird (part of Blueish Bird Group) and DAMRI operated five routes inherited from former DAMRI routes nether a contract with Ministry of Send.[75] Introduction of new bus routes in Bandung oftentimes faced resistance from angkots and so-chosen local patrons due to perception that their revenues being stolen, leading to blockades and verbal threats against omnibus drivers.[76] [77] Due to fragmentation of brands and operators, passengers must pay once more when transiting to other BRT lines or to other modes such as trains.
A more comprehensive programme to revitalise the passenger vehicle system will be implemented in 2024, extending from the Trans Metro Pasundan projection. It would integrate all operators within a single system called BRT Bandung Raya, with proper Jitney Rapid Transit features such as dedicated lanes, frequent bus availability and bus stops.[78] The planned organisation intended to utilise electric powered buses, both imported and locally produced.[79]
Bandung city government also operated a fleet of city tour buses chosen as Bandung Bout on Bus (shortened Bandros).
Boseh is a dock-based wheel-sharing system provided by the Ship Service (Dinas Perhubungan) of Bandung.[80]
| System | Corridor No. | Origin and Destination | Type | Operational hours | Tariff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rails-based | |||||
| Bandung regional trains | B | Padalarang-Bandung-Cicalengka | Regional runway | 04.25-00.39 | Greenbacks and Cashless: Rp. v.000,- |
| C | Purwakarta-Padalarang-Bandung-Cicalengka-Cibatu-Garut | ||||
| Omnibus lines | |||||
| Trans Metro Pasundan | K1D | Leuwi Panjang - Gading Tutuka (Soreang) (via Soroja Highway) | Charabanc rapid transit | 05.00-18.00 | Cashless: Rp. 0,- |
| K2D | Kota Baru Parahyangan - Alun-Alun Bandung (Bandung City Square) | 05.00-nineteen.30 | |||
| K3D | Baleendah - BEC | 04.30-20.00 | |||
| K4D | Leuwi Panjang - Dago | 05.00-18.00 | |||
| K5D | Dipatiukur - Jatinangor (via Padaleunyi Highway) | ||||
| Trans Metro Bandung | K1 | Cibiru - Cibeureum | City bus | 05.25-18.thirty | Cash: Rp. 4.000,- Rp. two.000,- (students' rebate) |
| K2 | Cicaheum - Cibeureum | 05.25-18.45 | |||
| K3 | Cicaheum - Sarijadi | Bus rapid transit | 05.25-19.00 | ||
| K4 | Antapani - Leuwi Panjang | Urban center bus | 05.45-18.00 | ||
| K5 | Antapani - Stasiun Hall | 05.45-17.00 | |||
| K6F | Stasiun Hall - Gunung Batu | *TBA | |||
| DAMRI (Trans Bandung Raya) | D6A | Elang - Jatinangor (via Padaleunyi Highway) | Cash: Rp. 10.000,- | ||
| D8 | Tanjungsari - Kebon Kalapa | Cash: Rp. 5.000,- (Tanjungsari - Cibiru, Cibiru - Kebon Kalapa) Rp. 10.000,- (Tanjungsari - Kebon Kalapa) | |||
| D11 | Cibiru - Cicaheum - Leuwi Panjang | Cash: Rp. half dozen.000,- | |||
| DKBP | Alun-alun Bandung (Bandung City Square) - Kota Baru Parahyangan (via Pasteur Highway) | Cash and Cashless: Rp. 10.000,- | |||
| Buratas | MJL | Leuwi Panjang - Majalaya | 06.00-14.00 (from Leuwi Panjang) 08.00-xvi.00 (from Majalaya) | Cash: Rp. five.000,- Rp. 0,- (seniors' rebate) | |
Air [edit]
Bandung Husein Sastranegara International Airport serves direct domestic flights to Batam, Pekanbaru, Medan, Bandar Lampung, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Semarang, Banjarmasin, Makassar, and also international services to/from Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. The airdrome is located near the Dirgantara aerospace circuitous and Dirgantara Fairground. The Kertajati International Drome in Majalengka Regency is congenital to supervene upon the Husein Sastranegara Airport.[81] [82]
Railway [edit]
Bandung has two large railway stations, Bandung and Kiaracondong Stations. Other smaller stations are Cimindi, Andir, Ciroyom, Cikudapateuh, and Gedebage Stations (only for freight service). Railway lines connect Bandung to Cianjur, Djakarta, Purwakarta, Bekasi, Karawang, and Cikampek to the westward, and Surabaya, Malang, Yogyakarta, and Solo to the east.
Current and future development [edit]
Thirty-two omnibus shelters for Trans Metro Bandung (similar to TransJakarta) along Jalan Soekarno-Hatta were finished in August 2011 at the price of Rp 13.one billion ($one.54 million). Thirty additional buses joined the existing operation of 10 buses afterwards all the shelters were finished.[83]
In 2012, phase-1 of Bandung electric commuter rail organization was scheduled to be built to connect Padalarang, Cimahi, Bandung, and Cicalengka with thirteen Trans Metro Bandung bus corridors to serve as feeders. Phase-2 will connect Cicalengka to Jatinangor.[84] Every bit of today the system is however to build.
On 21 June 2011, Perum DAMRI launched two buses on the Cibiru-Kebon Kelapa specially for female person passengers just with female drivers.[85]
On 5 August 2011, Jusuf Kalla announced that he would like to build a monorail in Bandung with a value of Rp 4 trillion ($470 million).[86]
As of April 2012[update], a cable machine projection 'Bandung Skybridge' to connect Pasteur (Cihampelas) to Sabuga (Taman Sari) was said to exist 90% complete and awaiting legal authorisation to operate.[87] However, as of 2016[update], the project has still to be realised. To ease Cihampelas traffic congestion, the city mayor, Ridwan Kamil inaugurated a skywalk for pedestrians only from Cihampelas to Tamansari on 4 Feb 2017. The skywalk, named Teras Cihampelas, was built with a upkeep of Rp 45 billion.[88] Vehicles volition be able to exist parked at Tamansari.[89] The metropolis has also announced an intention to build LRT (Light Rail Transit).
Bandung is planned to be served by Jakarta-Bandung loftier-speed rails via its terminus in Tegalluar, located due east of the city in Bandung Regency. Due to constraints, stations serving Bandung are neither within Bandung city centre nor the limits of Bandung urban center. Instead, a feeder service volition ply between Padalarang HSR station and the primary Bandung station, using existing tracks.
Pedagogy [edit]
Bandung has well-nigh l higher educational institutions and is amidst the most pop destinations for education in Indonesia. There are hundreds of public and private schools in the city and several state-funded and administered Junior Loftier Schools (SMP Negeri) and State Loftier Schools (SMA Negeri). At least sixteen universities—iii of which are country-owned—and 45 professional person schools are scattered across the urban center. Education from social sciences and engineering to tourism pedagogy can be plant at i of these universities.
Amid the universities located in Bandung include Bandung Institute of Technology (Institut Teknologi Bandung, ITB), Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), National Establish of Engineering science (Indonesia) (Institut Teknologi Nasional), Parahyangan Cosmic University, Universitas Islam Bandung, (Bandung Islamic University), Universitas Kristen Maranatha (Maranatha Christian University), Universitas Islam Nusantara (Nusantara Islamic University), Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (Indonesia University of Pedagogy), Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati (Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University), Universitas Pasundan (Pasundan Academy), Institut Teknologi Telkom (Telkom Plant of Technology), Politeknik Negeri Bandung (Bandung State Polytechnic), and Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Bandung (Bandung Found of Tourism), all being considered amongst the best universities in their respective fields of speciality in Indonesia. Established in 1920, ITB is Indonesia'due south oldest and nearly prestigious technical university. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (formerly IKIP Bandung, established in 1954) Universitas Komputer Republic of indonesia (UNIKOM) is ane of the first institutions of higher education established after Indonesian independence and is currently a leading education academy in the country. Universitas Padjadjaran (established in 1956) is considered to be i of the best universities in the country in the fields of medicine, law, communication, and economics.
International schools are besides available in the city. They include the Bandung Alliance Intercultural School, Bandung Independent School, Bandung Japanese School, Bina Bangsa School Bandung, Bina Persada School, and Stamford School. In the north of Bandung, Bosscha Observatory is the merely observatory in Republic of indonesia. Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was completed in 1928. In 1922, the first international publication from Bosscha Observatory was published, and in 1959, the observatory was captivated as a part of the Department of Astronomy at the Bandung Institute of Applied science.
Notable schools [edit]
- Trinitas Senior High School (1963)
Notable people [edit]
Sister cities [edit]
Bandung has sister relationships with a number of towns worldwide:
-
Almaty, Republic of kazakhstan -
Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Federal republic of germany[90] -
Cotabato Urban center, Philippines -
Fort Worth, Texas, Usa[91] -
Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Nihon -
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Mainland china -
Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia - Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia[92] [93]
- Liuzhou, Guangxi, Communist china
-
Namur, Belgium[94] - Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
- Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia[95]
-
Suwon, Gyeonggi-practise, South korea -
Udon Thani, Udon Thani Province, Thailand - Yingkou, Liaoning, Communist china
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External links [edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bandung.
-
Bandung travel guide from Wikivoyage - The official website of Bandung Authorities
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung,_West_Java
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